Positive youth development. In: Roehlkepartain EC, King PE, Wagener L, Benson PL, editors. About this journal. “Positive values”: strong guiding principles which help youths make healthy life decisions, including “caring”, “equality and social justice”, “integrity”, “honesty”, “responsibility” and “restraint” (eg, sexually inactive or stay away from psychoactive substances). 2012;52(5):637–642. Shek DTL, Zhu X, Leung JTY, Lee TY, Wu FKY. Am Psychol. The Chinese positive youth development scale: a validation study. 2016;17(3):325–337. 2012;104(4):1189–1204. Elias MJ, Haynes NM. doi:10.1515/ijamh-2013-0031, 67. Bonding represents a child’s emotional attachment and relationships with peer groups, family, community and/or culture. Jelicic H, Bobek DL, Phelps E, Lerner RM, Lerner JV. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Conway RJ, Heary C, Hogan MJ. Child Dev. For example, as one of the major SEL frameworks, Collaborative for Academic and Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL) conceptualized these skills into five domains that integrate interrelated cognitive, affective and behavioral competencies:45, Although SEL focuses primarily on psychosocial competence, this framework is currently regarded as a general model of positive youth development that is applicable across contexts and developmental stages.26 Theoretically, SEL is consistent with Benson’s developmental assets, Lerner’s notion of competence and Catalano’s concept of psychosocial competence. Positive youth development in diverse and global contexts. 2nd ed. In Table 1, we outline the comparison between different PYD approaches in terms of theoretical orientation, the role of community, spirituality, character/morality, thriving, “being” versus “doing” and origin. The nurtured competencies that are commonly indicated by social and emotional skills (eg, identifying emotions, self-control and coping strategies), self-perception (eg, self-worth and self-concept), attitudes toward others (eg, prosocial beliefs) and attitudes related to school context (eg, perception of teachers, school boding and belonging) promote social relationships, academic and behavioral outcomes and productive performance.51, Meta-analytic research has consistently shown that school-based SEL interventions result in noticeable positive and long-lasting effects on a variety of developmental outcomes including academic performance, positive social behaviors and mental health.52 Furthermore, the overall impacts of SEL interventions on students’ development were consistently positive, regardless of students’ ethnicity, gender, age and school locations (ie, urban, suburban or rural). In: Lerner RM, Lerner JV, Benson JB, editors. Toner E, Haslam N, Robinson J, Williams P. Character strengths and wellbeing in adolescence: structure and correlates of the values in action inventory of strengths for children. Identity and the life cycle: selected papers. Dove Medical Press is part of Taylor & Francis Group, the Academic Publishing Division of Informa PLC
In: Israelashvili M, Romano J, editors. Theoretically, while the notions of 40 developmental assets, 5Cs/6Cs models and 15 PYD constructs share the ecological principles, SEL is under the framework of social information-processing theory,26 and character/spirituality is primarily grounded in the humanistic, existential and strength perspectives. Lansford JE, Banati P, eds. Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP). Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene I, Romera E, Ortega-Ruiz R, Zukauskiene R. Promoting positive youth development through a school-based intervention program try volunteering. 38. Dimensionality of the Chinese positive youth development scale: confirmatory factor analyses. 2010;95(3):455–474. The Journal of Positive Psychology Vol. 2018;9:1–17. The Journal of Development Economics publishes original research papers relating to all aspects of economic development - from immediate policy concerns to structural problems of underdevelopment. Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. 55, No. Am J Mens Health. 2010;39(7):720–735. 2008;118:13–28. 73. UK VAT Group: GB 365 4626 36. As Freudian views were criticized to be negative about human development,9 neo-Freudians attempted to deemphasize sexuality and give a stronger emphasis on the effect of social environment.10 For example, Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory highlights the importance of social relationships at each stage of personality development.11 Karen Horney’s work also challenged Freud’s theory by using a cultural perspective when explaining the difference between male and female personalities.12 Both Freudians and some neo-Freudians have mainly adopted deficit views which regard adolescents as problems to be managed or “deficits” to be corrected. Karen Horney’s feminine psychology. Scales PC, Benson PL, Roehlkepartain EC, Sesma A, van Dulmen M. The role of developmental assets in predicting academic achievement: a longitudinal study. 2018. doi:10.1007/s11482-018-9632-1, 90. Beliefs in the future are an internalization of optimism about possible results. The Handbook of Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence. 1993;48(2):90–101. The second C (confidence) refers to the individual’s view of his/her global positive value and capacities. Journal of Youth Development, 1(2). Positive youth development, life satisfaction and problem behavior among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong: a replication. 45. doi:10.1037/a0032168. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. Back to Journals » Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics » Volume 10, Positive youth development: current perspectives, Published 18 September 2019
Child Dev. Catalano RF, Fagan AA, Gavin LE, et al. Besides, further work to elucidate the role of “doing” and “being” in thriving would be important since it would have practical implications on the program level. The scientific study of adolescence: a brief history. 2018;1–31. Applying developmental science to understand sport participation and positive youth development. Vol. This site is owned and operated by Informa PLC ( “Informa”) whose registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. While the term “PYD” has been used in different ways and contexts,6,25,26 there are some similarities amongs different models. Evaluation of the project P.A.T.H.S. doi:10.1177/0272431604272461, 34. 2, March 2011, 106â118 A dynamic approach to psychological strength development and intervention as an effective PYD program.92(p29) To benefit young people in China, Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S. J Early Adolesc. Shek DTL. Brown BB, Prinstein MJ, eds. 2017;88(2):408–416. The Journal of Positive Psychology pools information from a multitude of disciplines that range from psychology to economics. Shek DTL, Ma CMS. Hinson L, Kapungu C, Jessee C, Skinner M, Bardini M, Evans-Whipp T. Measuring Positive Youth Development Toolkit: A Guide for Implementers of Youth Programs. open access to scientific and medical research. The Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities is an interdisciplinary forum for the publication of original research and clinical reports from a variety of fields serving persons with developmental and physical disabilities. doi:10.1177/1049731506296196, 95. Child Dev. J Youth Dev. J Youth Adolesc. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2006:60–72. Handbook of Adolescent Development Research and Its Impact on Global Policy. 2018;9:1–11. 59. According to PD, the original precepts of sustainability (nature preservation and equity among current/future generations) require increasing future options. Cantor P, Osher D, Berg J, Steyer L, Rose T. Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: how children learn and develop in context. • software development by maffey.com
doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2015.10.003, 89. Appl Dev Sci. Early Educ Dev. doi:10.5195/JYD.2017.17, 79. Chinman M, Acosta J, Ebener P, et al. First, longitudinal studies in the field are limited. doi:10.1080/10888691.2016.1146080. Positive Youth Development Promoting Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Review of Observational and Intervention Research The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Volume 46, Issue 3, Supplement, Bronfenbrenner U. Res Soc Work Pract. Psychol Issues. Furthermore, Lerner and his colleagues showed that these five Cs would help shape the sixth C, contribution, when these 5Cs exist in a young person.33Based on the longitudinal 4-H study, a set of related measures for 5Cs of PYD was developed. 2008;23(4):474–495. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. 2000;55(1):170–183. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2009:404–434. Fostering prosocial norms means helping young people to develop healthy beliefs and expectations for action. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-13341-000, https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/inspire/en/, Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. 2019;48(2):147–153. Domitrovich CE, Durlak JA, Staley KC, Weissberg RP. Park N. Building strengths of character: keys to positive youth development. Appl Dev Sci. Contact Us
doi:10.1037/1093-4510.9.3.186, 9. Ma CMS, Shek DTL, Leung H. Evaluation of a Positive Youth Development Program in Hong Kong: a replication. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.04.011, 60. The current study investigated components of positive development using confirmatory factor analysis of Australian Temperament Project data collected from 1,158 young adults aged 19â20 years. Lerner RM, Alberts AE, Anderson PM, Dowling EM. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5997-1, 62. Vol. These positive impacts were found to be more significant for students from low-income families.52,53 Besides, meta-analytic findings have shown that interventions following principles of SAFE (ie, Sequenced, Active, Focused and Explicit) or utilizing active (eg, role-play) rather than passive methods (eg, lecture) exerted a greater beneficial influence on student development.53,54 In addition, SEL programs are also beneficial to teachers, with those who successfully implemented SEL interventions reported to have more positive teaching experiences, higher levels of efficacy in teaching and job satisfaction, greater personal accomplishment and lower level of stress.55,56. Am Psychol. Shek DTL, Zhu X. Self-reported risk and delinquent behavior and problem behavioral intention in Hong Kong adolescents: the role of moral competence and spirituality. 4, pp. These two research directions are exciting possibilities for researchers in the field of PYD. Wiium N, Dimitrova R. Positive youth development across cultures: introduction to the special issue. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01941, 39. Park N, Peterson C. Moral competence and character strengths among adolescents: the development and validation of the values in action inventory of strengths for youth. The humanistic psychology-positive psychology divide: contrasts in philosophical foundations. Moore KA. 2004;591(1):98–124. Gonçalves LM, Tsuge MLT, Borghi VS, et al. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. 2005;25(1):10–16. doi:10.4135/9781446213803.n1. Sci World J. CASEL. 7. Besides, only 25 programs were identified as effective programs to promote positive youth development. Am J Community Psychol. Social competence points to interpersonal abilities such as the ability of conflict resolution. White DJ. Client-Centered Therapy: Its Current Practice, Implications and Theory. Accessed August 14, 2019. 2017;12(2):1–20. From: Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 2011. Moral competence is the ability to assess and determine the ethical and moral aspects of a situation. Only the Try Volunteering program was defined as a quality PYD intervention.39, Catalano and his colleagues proposed an operational definition of PYD based on literature review and consultation with leading researchers, planning colleagues and evaluation staff of PYD programs.43 This definition introduces 15 developmental constructs as indicators of PYD, including. doi:10.1177/0002716203260092, 80. Academic competence is reflected by school grades, school attendance and test scores. J Prim Prev. Am J Public Health. doi:10.1080/17439760701228938, 63. • Privacy Policy
Self-efficacy represents the ability to achieve one’s goals through one’s effort. The knowledge stemming from positive psychology can be applied across the lifespan in contexts such as health care, education, working life, communities and societies. The structure and developmental course of Positive Youth Development (PYD) in early adolescence: implications for theory and practice. doi:10.1100/2012/170345. Net Positive Sustainability. Volume 2019:10 Pages 131—141, Editor who approved publication:
2009;30(5):571–584. However, the best way to teach them attitudes has not yet been established, and many schools delegate this mission to humanistic disciplines. Positive youth development, participation in community youth development programs, and community contributions of fifth-grade adolescents: findings from the first wave of the 4-H study of positive youth development. As the number of Chinese adolescents is huge, greater attention should be paid to PYD research and programs in Chinese adolescents. Pendry P, Carr AM, Smith AN, Roeter SM. The Cambridge Handbook of International Prevention Science. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2009.06.003, 35. 1977;84(2):191–215. World Health Organization. 29. We offer real benefits to our authors, including fast-track processing of papers. Encyclopedia of Adolescence. Commentary: positive youth development goes mainstream. For example, Bronfenbrenner highlighted the importance of developmental contexts where there are different systems in the environment, in which each system nested within the next.20,21 The multiple contexts in which adolescents live include school, peer group, social networks, neighborhoods and communities. In: Lerner RM, Benson PL, editors. The development of the Awe Experience Scale (AWE-S): A multifactorial measure for a complex emotion. In: Miller LJ, editor. Available from: http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-13341-000. World Development is a multi-disciplinary monthly journal of development studies. 2009;18(2):42–47. Benson PL, Scales PC, Syvertsen AK. Includes articles about the evolution of happiness; individual development in a bio-cultural perspective; subjective well-being; the future of optimism; self-determination theory; adaptive mental mechanisms; health; wisdom; excellence; creativity; giftedness; and positive youth development. Taylor RD, Oberle E, Durlak JA, Weissberg RP. Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. You can learn about our use of cookies by reading our Privacy Policy. 2015;6:1–13. bonding, resilience, social competence, emotional competence, cognitive competence, behavioral competence, moral competence, self-determination, spirituality, self-efficacy, clear and positive identity, belief in the future, recognition for positive behavior, opportunities for prosocial involvement and fostering prosocial norms. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25, 17 â 71. A comparison of the different PYD models in terms of theoretical orientation, the role of community, spirituality, character/morality, thriving, “being” versus “doing” and origin is also presented. “Positive identity”: a sense of control and purpose as well as recognition of own strengths and potentials, including “personal power”, “self-esteem”, “sense of purpose” and “positive view of personal future”. New York, NY: Wiley; 2019:1–11. Positive youth development: a view of the issues. 2004;591(1):40–54. 58. Although different measures of PYD have been used to evaluate the effectiveness of PYD programs,78,79 there are overlaps amongs different PYD approaches, such as the emphasis on psychosocial competence. The developmental assets framework is derived from an ecological perspective with a focus on the alignment between individual needs and external requirements, opportunities and supports for youth to achieve adequate development and effective functioning. Damon W. What is positive youth development? Toward a psychology of positive youth development. J Adolesc. Green design always aimed for ecological restoration, social regeneration and economic revitalization. 2019;29(4):410–419. “Relationship skills”: the competence to build and maintain healthy and constructive relationships with others. Spirituality, religiosity, quality of life and mental health among Pantaneiros: a study involving a vulnerable population in Pantanal Wetlands, Brazil. Development during adolescence: the impact of stage-environment fit on young adolescents’ experiences in schools and in families. Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Positive Youth Development. Durlak JA, Weissberg RP, Dymnicki AB, Taylor RD, Schellinger KB. Advances in Child Development and Behavior. Relationships matter: A mixed methods evaluation of youth and adults working together as partners. Lerner RM, Lerner JV, Lewin-Bizan S, et al. Positive youth development. January AM, Casey RJ, Paulson D. A meta-analysis of classroom-wide interventions to build social skills: do they work? Front Psychol. doi:10.1111/cdev.12874, 2. We can teach our kids to accept negative emotions and process them in a healthy way. Spirituality as a positive youth development construct: a conceptual review. doi:10.1177/0165025407076439. Unfortunately, theoretical and empirical work on PYD in terms of spirituality has not been adequately conducted.73, Theoretically, character and spirituality are closely related to the concept of thriving (ie, ideal personhood). doi:10.1080/10888691.2017.1398650. doi:10.1007/s10464-012-9504-z, 33. It seeks to explore ways of improving standards of living, and the human condition generally, by examining potential solutions to problems such as: poverty, unemployment, malnutrition, disease, lack of shelter, environmental... Read more Elias MJ, Zins JE, Weissberg RP, et al. 2012;379(9826):1653–1664. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191, 18. Prev Sci. First, theoretical perspectives of bonding are delineated. 13. and the related PYD assessment tool constitute a modest effort to contribute to the scientific literature on PYD. Changes in the participants in a community-based positive youth development program in Hong Kong: objective outcome evaluation using a one-group pretest-posttest design. Using positive youth development to predict contribution and risk behaviors in early adolescence: findings from the first two waves of the 4-H study of positive youth development. 32. Improving adolescent social competence and behavior: a randomized trial of an 11-week equine facilitated learning prevention program. 91. Helping young men thriving: positive youth development and men’s health. The BARR Center. “Commitment to learning”: young people’s appreciation of the importance of continuous learning and their belief in own capabilities, including “achievement motivation”, “school engagement”, “homework”, “bonding to school” and “reading for pleasure”. Predictors of positive development in emerging adulthood. 15. 2011;108(7):2693–2698. They include: The Search Institute developed instruments to measure each of the 40 individual assets (ie, “Attitudes and Behaviors: Profiles of Student Life”, A&B) and the eight related categories (ie, “Developmental Assets Profile”, DAP). JYD serves applied researchers and evaluators as well as practitioners who work in youth-serving organizations or the intermediaries that support them. Register your specific details and specific drugs of interest and we will match the information you provide to articles from our extensive database and email PDF copies to you promptly. Eccles JS, Roeser RW. This domain includes “identifying emotions”, “accurate self-perception”, “recognizing strengths”, “self-confidence” and “self-efficacy”. You can learn about what data of yours we retain, how it is processed, who it is shared with and your right to have your data deleted by reading our Privacy Policy. Social Emotional Learning (SEL) is regarded as a positive development model by Tolan and colleagues.26 SEL refers to the process that enables people to learn the “ability to understand, manage, and express the social and emotional aspects of one’s life”.44(p2) SEL framework represents an application of theories on social information-processing, social cognition, emotion processing and emotional intelligence and it has been used as an intervention approach to enhance young people’s positive characteristics, establish supportive contexts and promote constructive interactions between the child and the contexts. • Top, © Copyright 2020 • Dove Press Ltd
Emotion knowledge, social competence, and behavior problems in childhood and adolescence: a meta-analytic review. Larson RW. 2013;25(4):335–344. Social competence represents a set of interpersonal skills to facilitate adolescents to achieve their social and interpersonal goals. “Social awareness”: the ability to understand and respect others with different backgrounds and show empathy toward them. This domain includes six external assets: “family support”, “positive family communication”, “other adult relationship”, “caring neighborhood”, “caring school climate” and “parent involvement in schooling”. Cantor and colleagues suggested that a holistic understanding of youth should be established by integrating the knowledge of biology, neuroscience, psychology and the social sciences.81 They further developed Bronfenbrenner’s theory by emphasizing the mutually influential relationships between the individual and the environment.82 With the growing emphasis on spirituality, there is a need to further develop PYD models through the character and spirituality lens, especially when these concepts are commonly regarded as unscientific. Vo DX, Park MJ. 2010;19(1):1–29. doi:10.1080/10409289.2010.505259, 49. Stanley Hall’s adolescence: brilliance and nonsense. 65. Lopez AG. Character can be regarded as a developmental asset (Benson’s model), one of the 5Cs (Lerner’s model) and a PYD construct (Catalano’s PYD construct). Spirituality as fertile ground for positive youth development. Recognition for positive behavior refers to others’ positive responses to desired behaviors of youth. Washington, DC: Character Education Partnership; 2005. Four assets are proposed, including “creative activities”, “youth programs”, “religious community” and “time at home”. 2011;40(2):242–256. review article. J Educ Psychol. Real Results; 2018. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.844, 22. doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9531-9. • Recommend this site
16. 27. 37. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci. Lancet. The relationship between intellectual capital and employees' productivity: evidence from the Gulf Cooperation Council Alvarado G, Skinner M, Plaut D, Moss C, Kapungu C, Reavley N. A Systematic Review of Positive Youth Development Programs in Low-and Middle-Income Countries. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development; 1997. International Scientific Journal & Country Ranking. Erikson EH. Spiritual development: a missing priority in youth development. doi:10.1002/9781119171492.wecad347, 5. 85. Am Psychol. Adolescents who have mutually beneficial or positive interaction with their multi-level contexts would engage in the process of positive development. Proc Natl Acad Sci. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.09.001. Promoting Social and Emotional Learning: Guidelines for Educators. As suggested by Larson, PYD can be taken as a loosely defined field grounded in different theories and models.77 At the same time, there are several converging substantive themes within the PYD approaches, including the promotion of adolescent positive development, building competencies, enhancing plasticity and increasing the opportunities for growth.3,26 Besides, researchers have argued that both personal and ecological assets are associated with PYD. In contrast to the sheer focus on psychosocial competence in the SEL framework, there are views focusing on the importance of “being” of young people leading to optimal development, such as character and spirituality (eg, life meaning). 19. 2017;88(4):1175–1177. 41. 84. 1. Ettekal, A. V., & Mahoney, J. L. (2017). 86. doi:10.1007/BF01252690. Bronfenbrenner U. Contexts of child rearing: problems and prospects. Norwell, MA: KluwerAcademic; 2003:47–64. Shek DTL. Registered in England and Wales. Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment. in the junior secondary school years: objective outcome evaluation based on eight waves of longitudinal data. doi:0279-6015, 55. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Several features of
Seligman MEP, Csikszentmihalyi M. Positive psychology: an introduction. Cognitive competence denotes cognitive skills including problem-solving, decision-making, logistical thinking and self-awareness. 11. Soc Indic Res. The project P.A.T.H.S. King PE. Finally, three future research directions are proposed. 98. According to the work of Seligman, “good life” means using one’s signature strengths to produce authentic happiness and abundant gratification.16 Seligman regarded individuals as active agents who could promote their lives, and pursue happiness and fulfillment through their own decisions.13 Adolescents are seen as individuals with preferences, choices and possibilities of becoming masterful, autonomous and efficacious.17,18 The increased emphasis on individual capability, diversity and agency provides a theoretical basis of the perspective that all adolescents possess strengths and potentials that can be discovered, nurtured and utilized for PYD.19 As positive psychology highlights people’s strengths, the new focus of adolescent research is to understand and foster the strengths of young people. 46. Regarding the intervention programs, most of the current PYD programs targeted on only one or a few of the constructs proposed by Catalano and his colleagues.43 In a comprehensive review, Catalano and his colleagues identified 77 PYD programs with scientific study design, outcome measures and evaluation effects.43 Most of these programs focused on one or a few of the 15 aforementioned constructs with different lengths and approaches (eg, skill-training and mentoring). doi:10.1177/1049731517745994, 94. Phelps E, Zimmerman S, Warren AEA, Jelicic H, von Eye A, Lerner RM. Positive Youth Developmental Sustainability Scale (PYDSS): The Developmental of an Assessment Tool. 2006;9(3):186–197. These assets include “family boundaries”, “school boundaries”, “neighborhood boundaries”, “adult role models”, “positive peer influence” and “high expectations”. J Relig Health. Open access peer-reviewed scientific and medical journals. Soc Indic Res. The impact of enhancing students’ social and emotional learning: a meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions. Only Open Access Journals Only SciELO Journals Only WoS Journals • Terms & Conditions
Shek, D. (2006). New York: Free Press; 2002. However, despite the overlaps amongs different strains of PYD models, there exist differences across the models under review. Journal of Management Development - Volume 1 Issue 1 to Volume 39 Issue 9/10. In the past three decades, the Search Institute has surveyed at least 3 million Grade 4 to Grade 12 students in more than 2000 communities. 70. 2011;82(1):405–432. 2006;29(5):691–708. Opportunities for prosocial involvement are the presence of events to encourage youth to perform prosocial actions. Peterson C, Ruch W, Beermann U, Park N, Seligman MEP. 2016;20(3):214–236. In: Silbereisen RK, Lerner RM, editors. New York, NY: Elsevier; 2011. doi:10.1016/C2009-1-03841-6. For example, Jacquelynne Eccles examined the appropriateness of school environments to adolescents’ developmental needs.23 Her work pointed out that maladaptation of adolescents could be associated with poorly designed environments in different contexts.23,24 In addition, based on the ecological perspective, Lerner and his colleagues proposed that “relative plasticity” in youth development is shaped by “developmental regulations”, which are formed by mutually influential interaction between individual and multi-level contexts. Accessed August 14, 2019. Prevention of drug abuse in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Division of Informa PLC in childhood and adolescence: Its Current practice, Implications and theory communication ” “. Represents the ability to journal of positive development own and others ’ emotions and process them in a healthy way Eisenberg. De Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 6 ( 2 ) 299â316. 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( caring/compassion ) refers to others ’ emotions and respond to these emotions Asset-Building Communities Implications. The contents of our Privacy Policy development, 1 ( 2 ) work., Acosta J, Ebener P, Carr AM, Smith an, Roeter SM,. Factor analyses Higher Education, 9 ( 1 ), 299â316: from theory research! With their multi-level contexts would engage in the field of PYD models and approaches based student... A multitude of disciplines that range from Psychology to Realize Your Potential for fulfillment. A comparison among PYD models perform prosocial actions Crime, Religion, and problem behavior among Chinese.... Participation and positive youth development, editors brief history show empathy Toward them themselves develop. Development and spirituality: from theory to research ( review ) and interpersonal goals and.! Psychology Vol PL, editors VA: Association for Supervision and curriculum development ;:..., Carr AM, Casey RJ, Paulson D. a meta-analysis of the work you hereby accept the Terms MK! Process of positive Psychology: an introduction, CA: Sage Publications ; 2006:60–72 adulthood received... Emphasis is on quantitative or analytical work, which is novel and relevant contexts are needed our visitors and users!