The document was supported by 66 countries, 19 voted against, and 72 abstained. [107] The trolleybus line starts near Simferopol's Railway Station (in Soviet times it started near Simferopol International Airport) through the mountains to Alushta and on to Yalta. On 18 March 2014, Russia annexed the Autonomous Republic of Crimea of Ukraine after an … [90], In 2016 Crimea had Nominal GDP of US$7 billion and US$3,000 per capita.[91]. The Belbek has the greatest average discharge at 2.16 cubic metres per second (76 cu ft/s). The Spits of the Sea of Azov are narrow strips of land in the Sea of Azov which can be as long as 112 km, 45 km, 31 km, 30 km and 23 km. There are 11 big cities and 44 small towns in Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The republic is coterminous with the Crimean Peninsula, lying between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Despite calls from local Crimean Tatars for a boycott of the elections, turnout was over 53% which compared well with elections in other regions of Russia. The peninsula is bounded on the S and W by the Black Sea. Crimea (krīmē`ə), Rus. Numerous kurgans, or burial mounds, of the ancient Scythians are scattered across the Crimean steppes. [84] The western parts of the Crimean mountains receive more than 1,000 millimetres (39.4 in) of precipitation per year. [43] In time the peninsula also became a major tourist destination for cruises originating in Greece and Turkey. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukraine was reestablished as an independent state in 1991, and most of the peninsula was reorganized as the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, while the city of Sevastopol retained its special status within Ukraine. Tourists visiting the seafront of Yalta, Ukraine, on the southern coast of the Crimea. Ukraine’s government in Kiev is only a few days old and seems to bein disarray. There are a total of 291 large industrial enterprises and 1002 small business enterprises. In the 9th century CE, Byzantium established the Theme of Cherson to defend against incursions by the Rus' Khaganate. CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) Trusted, up-to-date information with AI from Watson. [72] [141] According to the 2001 Ukrainian population census, 58% of the population of Crimea are ethnic Russians and 24% are ethnic Ukrainians.[140]. Page 73, Crimea – Dynamics, challenges and prospects / edited by Maria Drohobycky. The longest river of Crimea is the Salhir at 204 km (127 mi). History of construction, "Geographical Survey of the Crimean region", "Climate in Crimea, Weather in Yalta: How Often Does it Rain in Crimea? with dachas and health resorts. In 2014 Russia covertly invaded and illegally annexed Crimea, a move that was denounced by the international community. [71] These mountains are backed by secondary parallel ranges. The North Crimean Canal now crosses it to bring water from the Dnieper. Further east is Sudak/Sougdia/Soldaia with its Genoese fort. Besides the Crimean Germans, Stalin in 1944 also deported 70,000 Greeks, 14,000 Bulgarians[146] and 3,000 Italians. This makes for significant annual fluctuation in water flow, with many streams drying up completely during the summer. The Tatars were accused of collaboration by Stalin and deported en masse to Central Asia and Siberia in 1944. The Alma River flows west to reach the Black Sea between Eupatoria and Sevastopol. [30] The omission of the definite article in English ("Crimea" rather than "the Crimea") became common during the later 20th century. Journey by a mountainous part of Crimea", "The Crimean hypersaline lakes: towards development of scientific basis of integrated sustainable management", "In Crimea has receded one of the largest reservoirs", North Crimean Canal. In 1783, Crimea was annexed by the Russian Empire as the result of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). Ukraine extended Russia's lease of the naval facilities under the 2010 Kharkiv Pact in exchange for further discounted natural gas. Krym, peninsula and republic (1991 est. Building and near start up are two combined cycle gas steam turbo thermal plants PGU, both 470 MW (116 167 MW GT, 235 MW block), build (plant) by TPE along others and turbines by Power Machines (UTZ KalugaTZ ? In 1954, the Crimean Oblast was transferred to the authority of Soviet Ukraine. The last election of the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea took place on 31 October 2010 and was won by the Party of Regions. The population number excluding these uyezds is given in the table below. Crimea was governed as an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from the end of the Russian Civil War until 1945, when it lost its autonomous status, and was made an Oblast, essentially a region of Soviet Russia. On Mar… Crimea - Introduction. South of Sevastopol is the small Heracles Peninsula. The Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, located in Nauchny, is one of the largest astronomical research facilities in eastern Europe. [95], The most important industries in Crimea include food production, chemical fields, mechanical engineering, and metalworking, and fuel production industries. [86] In July mean temperatures range from 15.4 °C (59.7 °F) in Ai-Petri to 23.4 °C (74.1 °F) in the central parts of Crimea to 24.4 °C (75.9 °F) in Myskhor. Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Some clubs registered to join the Russian leagues but the Football Federation of Ukraine objected. The peninsula, then under the control of the Bosporan Kingdom, later became a client kingdom of the Roman Empire in 63 BCE. After the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, doubts have been expressed – from the Russian side by all means, but even by Western historians (Richard Sakwa, "Frontline Ukraine. **) In the table are included nationalities,percentage them of total population Autonomous Republic of Crimea not less 0.1%. Januar 2014). See the, Crimea – Dynamics, challenges and prospects / edited by Maria Drohobycky. Crimea is located south of the Ukrainian region of Kherson, to which it is connected by the Isthmus of Perekop, and west of the Ru… The center of the oblast was first in Karasubazar but was moved to Simferopol later in 1784. Crimea is located south of the Ukrainian region of Kherson, to which it is connected by the Isthmus of Perekop, and west of the Russian region of Kuban, from which it is separated by the Strait of Kerch though linked by the Crimean Bridge since 2018. During the ensuing Russian Civil War, Crimea changed hands numerous times and was for a time a stronghold of the anti-Bolshevik White Army. [33] During the period of the Crimean Khanate the many pre-Catherine peoples, including Crimean Greeks, Italians, Goths, Cumans, and Kipchkaks of Crimea merged into the Crimean Tatar nation's Tat, Yaliboylu, and Steppe (or Nogay) subgroups. Towns on the northern steppe area are all modern, notably Dzhankoi, a major road- and rail-junction. At the mouth of the Bug stood Olvia. For passenger trains; freight trains are delayed until July 2020, but this is due to some necessary work to be done on adjacent railroads, Abū al-Fidā , Mukhtaṣar tāʾrīkh al-bashar (“, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJaoshvili2002 (, These numbers exclude the population numbers for Berdyansky, Dneprovsky and Melitopolsky Uyezds, which were on mainland. [50] On 15 March 2014, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine officially dissolved the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea, and, on 17 March 2014, one day before the Russian annexation of Crimea,[51] the State Council of Crimea was established in place of the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea. Suggestions argued in various sources include: Other suggestions either unsupported or contradicted by sources, apparently based on similarity in sound, include: The spelling "Crimea" is the Italian form, i.e., la Crimea, since at least the 17th century[28] and the "Crimean peninsula" becomes current during the 18th century, gradually replacing the classical name of Tauric Peninsula in the course of the 19th century. The republic is coterminous with the Crimean Peninsula, lying between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Crimean Tatars, a predominantly Muslim ethnic minority who in 2001 made up 12.1% of the population,[140] formed in Crimea in the late Middle Ages, after the Crimean Khanate had come into existence. pop. Confirmed Cases 270,587. It was believed[by whom?] But the earliest recorded use of the toponym "Crimea"[clarification needed] for the peninsula[16] occurred between 1315–1329 AD by the Arab writer Abū al-Fidā where he recounts a political fight in 1300–1301 AD resulting in a rival's decapitation and having "sent his head to the Crimea".[17]. After the Russian annexation of Crimea in early 2014 and subsequent sanctions targeting Crimea, the tourist industry suffered major losses for two years. [84] For every 100 m (330 ft) increase in altitude, temperatures decrease by 0.65 °C (1.17 °F) while precipitation increases. [110], In the 1990s, Crimea became more of a get-away destination than a "health-improvement" destination. At the northeast point of the Sea of Azov at the mouth of the Don River were Tanais, Azak/Azov and now Rostov-on-Don. Hourly. Visa and MasterCard temporarily stopped service in Crimea in December 2014. After the 2014 Ukrainian revolution and the flight of Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych from Kyiv on 21 February 2014, Russian President, Vladimir Putin stated to colleagues that "we must start working on returning Crimea to Russia. [citation needed]why here? A total of more than 230,000 people – about a fifth of the total population of the Crimean Peninsula at that time – were deported, mainly to Uzbekistan. [84], Mean annual temperatures range from 10 °C (50.0 °F) in the far north (Armiansk) to 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the far south (Yalta). During the Second World War the peninsula was invaded by Nazi Germany and Romanian troops in summer 1941 across the Isthmus of Perekop. At the east end of the 90 km (56 mi) Kerch Peninsula is Kerch/Panticapaeum, once the capital of the Bosporian Kingdom. Crimea was the background for Adam Mickiewicz's seminal work, The Crimean Sonnets inspired by his 1825 travel. 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