read the whole thing, read it, chlorine trifluoride, chemistry horror stories. For dealing with this situation, I have always recommended a good pair of running shoes.". (The list of people who were blown up and poisoned while trying to do so is impressive). If, however, this coat is melted or scrubbed off, and has no chance to reform, the operator is confronted with the problem of coping with a metal-fluorine fire. As a gas, chlorine trifluoride is colourless and has a notably sweet and pungent odour not dissimilar from pool chlorine. This colorless, poisonous, corrosive, and extremely reactive gas condenses to a pale-greenish yellow liquid, the form in which it is most often sold (pressurized at room temperature). That makes it pretty much impossible to store in solution. For dealing with this situation, I have always recommended a good pair of running shoes.. Tests were made against mock-ups of the Maginot Line fortifications, and it was found to be an extremely effective incendiary weapon and poison gas. * Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to Chlorine Trifluoride. It remains, with its chemical relatives, off in a part of chemical science that's safe from human exploitation. Generally, cotton and wool are readily available and cyanoacrylate is always a good thing to have on hand in first aid kits, due to its wound sealing ability. It's difficult to contain and nearly impossible to fight if it starts a fire, and produces extremely toxic byproducts when it reacts with other things. Even the nukes do their job via a nuclear reaction, but that reaction isn't run at our military bases, ships or planes; a projectile starting that reaction when it arrives is used as a weapon instead. Chlorine Trifluoride is a colorless gas or a white solid with a sweet, suffocating odor. In a comment to my post on putting out fires last week, one commenter mentioned the utility of the good old sand bucket, and wondered if there was anything that would go on to set the sand on fire. (The list of people who were blown up or poisoned while trying to do so is impressive). The union one twin thing. Have you heard the joke about the universal solvent? 2.1.2 Odor 2.1.3 2.1,11 Chlorine trifluoride odor has been re~orted as both sweet ~nd pungent, similar to chlorine or mustard. Take heed. You say that that's still about all it's good for? . one is included true how it is say theater equal to one by to say theater doesn't belong to this interval so this is incorrect. . [clarification needed][citation needed]. Or an explosion. Image by Ken Wilcox under Creative Commons license. It reacts with water to form chlorine and hydrofluoric acid with release of heat. Watch for the fireworks. Lowe lists with incredulity all the substances he managed to react with it: ammonia (vigorous, this at 100K), water ice (explosion, natch), chlorine (violent explosion, so he added it more slowly the second time), red phosphorus (not good), bromine fluoride, chlorine trifluoride (say what? Convince the enemy that you've found a way to effectively weaponise it. That process, I should add, would necessarily have been accompanied by copious amounts of horribly toxic and corrosive by-products: its bad enough when your reagent ignites wet sand, but the clouds of hot hydrofluoric acid are your special door prize if youre foolhardy enough to hang around and watch the fireworks.. Flash of fireworks, ship shell floating off into space, crew subjected to the horrors of radiation. And thats at room temperature. Some of this, under ordinary circumstances, might be considered protective equipment. After reading this youre probably curious about what possible purpose this chemical could serve that doesnt involve trying to recreate a scene from a Michael Bay movie. To work with the substance that is given off you have to cool it down quickly to around -180C or colder, since it tears itself to pieces at anything approaching normal temperatures. Iodine trifluoride, Chlorine trifluoride is an interhalogen compound with the formula .mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}ClF3. I mean, maybe? Six Planets are Retrograde, What Does that Mean for You? Makes sense, seeing as the only known "safe" way to store CIF3 is to seal it in containers made of steel, iron, nickel, or copper after they've been treated with fluorine gas. The following passage by rocket scientist John D. Clark is widely quoted in descriptions of the substance's extremely hazardous nature: @JBH highly reactive and highly explosive substances are useful as weapons because they essentially contain large, concentrated amount of available chemical energy that can be delivered upon the target. The most spontaneously reactive species are usually not spontaneously produced themselves. New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition. It sets fire to glass, to rubber, to sand, to iron, copper, aluminium you name it. Of all the dangerous chemical gases, chlorine trifluoride is known to be the most flammable. However, a few experimenters have had a go with dioxygen difluoride and survived. Chlorine monofluoride What is the hardest part of being a scientist. The only known way to store chlorine trifluoride safely, which we use in the loosest possible sense, is to put it inside of a sealed containers made of steel, iron, nickel or copper which are able to contain the chemical safely if theyre first treated with flourine gas. A little bit of danger can be exciting. If your shell is too weak to get through the hull, it would splash against the armor, react with a small amount of the hull material, be explosively ejected by its own reactive byproducts, and disperse into the vacuum of space with minor damage done. AAAS is a partner of HINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef and COUNTER. Also, there are people around you trying to make your spaceship explodes. Chlorine pentafluoride (ClF5) has also been investigated as a potential rocket oxidizer. rate = - [A]/ t. In the nuclear industry, chlorine trifluoride is used to prepare uranium hexafluoride, a volatile compound of uranium used in the separation or uranium isotopes. . The same isn't true in a war zone, where speed is of the essence. It would destroy them. Kecuali dinyatakan lain, data di atas berlaku pada temperatur dan tekanan standar (25 C [77 F], 100 kPa). Rather fortunately, chlorine trifluoride. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. If you've seen a shooting star on a recent stargazing jaunt, you've spotted the very beginning of the Orionids meteor shower. They started churning the stuff out by the tons before deciding it was far too unstable and reactive to handle. bad. Derek Lowe, an Arkansan by birth, got his BA from Hendrix College and his PhD in organic chemistry from Duke before spending time in Germany on a Humboldt Fellowship on his post-doc. Chlorine trifluoride (which I will subsequently refer to as ClF 3) is one of the most reactive oxidising compounds known. Are there some dangerous experiments that scientists/physicists are too afraid to execute? four days 10 Peter Equal to 20. The problem with that idea is how dangerous this substance is to create and work with. Higher exposures can cause a build-up of fluid in the . This liquid chemical is so corrosive that it can make practically anything burst into flames on contact. As a liquid, the substance is decidedly more threatening looking, taking on the form of a pale green substance. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Your email address will not be published. So I thought today I'd step back to a period when men were men and chlorine azide was a reactive, toxic, and unstable compound that was only good for finding out what sort of explosion it would set off next. 2023 Warner Bros. ut non et, dapibus. and even more reactive than fluorine (double check!). I have not encountered this fine substance myself, but reading up on its properties immediately gives it a spot on my no way, no how list. Required fields are marked *. Use Raster Layer as a Mask over a polygon in QGIS, How small stars help with planet formation. Chlorine trifluoride and gases like it have been reported to ignite sand, asbestos, and other highly fire-retardant materials. ), tetrafluorohydrazine Chlorine trifluoride is a nearly colorless gas at normal ambient conditions. The greatest danger I can think of for my ships crew is they will be distracted by their hysterical laughter once they realize what you shot at them. To put it another way; CIF3 is sword-chucks, the deadliest melee weapon (it usually kills the wielder too!). You have to coax it into existence, and even then it threatens to non-exist and you alongside it. The only time I see either of them in the synthetic chemistry literature is when a paper by Shlomo Rozen pops up (for example), but despite his efforts on its behalf, I still won't touch the stuff.And if anyone needs any more proof as to why, I present this video, made at some point by some French lunatics. But it can also kill the people trying to use it as a weapon. But it can also kill the people trying to use it as a weapon. Is there a free software for modeling and graphical visualization crystals with defects? They isolated the compound chlorine trifluoride (ClF3), which was liquid (check!) Tens of thousands of lives could be saved each year from sickness and death caused by malaria following the World Health Organization (WHO) approval of a first-ever vaccine. Let's look at some of the worst-case scenarios for using this thing in space: The Nazis tried to see if it could be weaponized in the years leading to World War II. That details the fun you can have with chloride trifluoride, and believe me, it continues (along with its neighbor, bromine trifluoride) to be on the "Things I Won't Work With" list. Boils at 53F. Are Electric Highways the Way of the Future? Chlorine Trifluoride: Some Empirical Findings, Stratospheric Chlorine: Blaming It on Nature, Chlorine Isotope Fractionation in the Stratosphere. . National Institute for Occupational. 5.7M views, 64K likes, 2.1K loves, 892 comments, 15K shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Adds/15: Why is an infant mur.der.red? Dioxygen difluoride is a compound of fluorine and oxygen with the molecular formula O 2 F 2.It can exist as an orange-colored solid which melts into a red liquid at 163 C (110 K). It's a spacious game preserve, that territory, and over the gate is the ornate motto Noli me tangere. Its production and manipulation would be much more expensive and difficult. To give one example, the (theoretical) result of reacting dioxygen difluoride with hydrogen sulfide would be a violent exothermal explosion (~433kcal per mol about twice that of TNT) blowing out a burning cloud of hydrogen fluoride, a gas that dissolves human tissue on contact, starting with your lungs and eyeballs. Chlorine trifluoride is one of the most horrifying substances on Earth. For dealing with this situation, I have always recommended a good pair of running shoes. Lets put it this way: during World War II, the Germans were very interested in using it in self-igniting flamethrowers, but found it too nasty to work with. This colorless, poisonous, corrosive, and extremely reactive gas condenses to a pale-greenish yellow liquid, the form in which it is most often sold (pressurized at room temperature). Derek Lowe, an Arkansan by birth, got his BA from Hendrix College and his PhD in organic chemistry from Duke before spending time in Germany on a Humboldt Fellowship on his post-doc. Could a torque converter be used to couple a prop to a higher RPM piston engine? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. It's a ruse to get them to fill tanks with "nitrogen or noble gases" and bring them into space for us to take away, by threatening them with the big dumb rocks we normally throw at each other. Or it's used intentionally as a nasty disgusting weapon that people normally don't use to shock the enemy. In one particular industrial accident, a spill of 900kg of ClF3 burned through 30cm of concrete and 90cm of gravel beneath. Fluorine is known as the most powerful oxidizing agent out of all the elements in fact, it's so reactive that it turns water into oxygen on contact. Chlorine trifluoride, ClF3, or "CTF" as the engineers insist on calling it, is a colorless gas, a greenish liquid, or a white solid. You'll be continuously tested by this game and it takes its forebears' core mechanics and adds them neatly into a new-but-familiar mix of action and strategy. For instance, after studying and experimenting with this chemical for rocket use, rocket scientist Dr. John D. Clark famously said about the best way to deal with potential chlorine trifluoride rocket accidents- I have always recommended a good pair of running shoes.. Well, it's been a bit too serious around here this week. To understand why chlorine trifluoride is top of the "avoid at all costs" list, let's rewind to the oxidizing agent part. The circle below shows a mixture of hydrogen sulfide gas and oxygen gas, which react form sulfur dioxide and water. It's just that it may have been a bit too reactive. Not sure about sword-chucks, but sword fights. Shields, atomic suppression, or anything else in the same vein. Chlorine trifluoride, an interhalogen with the formula ClF 3, is all of these things and more. Obviously the first question to answer here is how chlorine trifluoride is somehow able to cause asbestos, a substance that is known for being almost completely fire retardant, to catch on fire. The Nazis working in the Falkenhagen Bunker referred to chlorine trifluoride simply as Substance N or N-Stoff and were planning to store it inside specially designed shells which could be used in battle. Derek Lowes commentary on drug discovery and the pharma industry. The compound also a stronger oxidizing agent than oxygen itself, which also puts it into rare territory. It also has a nice fat density, about 1.81 at room temperature. Further, there is really little one can do to put out the fires it causes directly other than to let them burn off. And if anyone needs any more proof as to why, I present this video, made at some point by some French lunatics. .masks and breast-plates of sheet iron worn by observers during times of danger. But they were made of sterner stuff back in 1943.The date does make me wonder if there was war research money involved; I wouldn't be surprised. Chloride Trifluoride is available in the condensed form in the market and at pressurized room temperature it turns into a pale-greenish yellow liquid. The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind: Creating Currents of Electricity and Hope (P.S.) It is hypergolic with every known fuel, and so rapidly hypergolic that no ignition delay has ever been measured. @StianYttervik, while true that a portion of my answer assumes the simple mixing of chemicals, it doesn't change the fact that the creation of ClF3 is nothing more than a process. Indirectly useful? The collection is called Things I Wont Work With and is a hair-raising categorization of substances that Dr. Lowe in particular refuses to go anywhere near. Chlorine trifluoride ( 01:17) Let's start with what the Germans had in that secret weapons bunker. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? This stuff was designed from the foundation of the universe to fulfill that trope! Sure, it can kill people and destroy equipment. "Until they blow up", you say. Really, how often have we heard the "but mutagenic weapons have been banned by all civilized species!" It turns out that combining them into chlorine trifluoride makes them much worse. In the 1930s, scientists Otto Ruff and H. Krug set out to find something easier to handle, but just as reactive. 2023 American Association for the Advancement of Science. Small Species - What weapons would make sense? When you compare the chemical energy stored in your ClFl3 to the kinetic energy required to accomplish the above, we don't really add much. Now, sure, you can handle chlorine trifluoride safely . Derek Lowes commentary on drug discovery and the pharma industry. 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Hydrofluric acid in particular is incredibly dangerous and along with being able to melt things like glass and concrete, can permanently damage your lungs and eyes. Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. +1 for pointing out that chemical reactions are on the wrong energy scale for (most) space-age weapons. Fluorine is in the first place much more reactive than chlorine. We're in space having a battle, one can logically assume that the automation of that process on a small scale inside of a warhead is plausible - possibly not practical, but plausible. Experimentally we would expect the bond angle to be approximately 87.5.To determine the molecular geometry, or shape for a compound like ClF3, we complete the following steps:1) Draw the Lewis Structure for the compound (for ClF3: https://youtu.be/4FX__czAHDE).2) Predict how the atoms and lone pairs will spread out when the repel each other.3) Use a chart based on steric number (like the one in the video) or use the AXN notation to find the molecular shape. Quoting John Drury Clark: It is, of course, extremely toxic, but that's the least of the problem. Its been used in the semiconductor industry to clean oxides off of surfaces, at which activity it no doubt excels. Surely the nuclear reaction has more energy than any sort of oxidizing, no matter how intense or quick. consequat. Ill be lacing mine up if anyone tries to bring the stuff into my lab. They had four explosions at -78C, while the fifth run (persistence!) What chance has any oxidizer to compete with the annihilation power scale? Q&A for work. The fluoride coating on the storage chamber or in the weapon being used to launch it develops an imperfection, and the substance chews through and destroys the equipment. But we're creating fiction, not documentaries, and the idea of miniaturizing the process using future tech such that we get exactly what you're explaining is wonderful. Some of this, under ordinary circumstances, might be considered protective equipment. It will also ignite the ashes of materials that have already been burned in oxygen. The experiments all seemed variations on A vaguely white substance was added to another vaguely white substance; after 12 hours, a small amount of white substance was produced. If, however, this coat is melted or scrubbed off, and has no chance to reform, the operator is confronted with the problem of coping with a metal-fluorine fire. This will be accomplished by mounting your copper vessel in a magnetically accelerated slug or self-propelled missile. A sample:"If small pieces of yellow phosphorus be added, with stirring, to a solution of chlorine azide in carbon tetrachloride at 0C, the solution gradually becomes turbid, and a succession of slight explosions takes place beneath the liquid. According to eyewitness reports, the chemical burned straight through a foot of concrete and three feet of gravel while simultaneously releasing a deadly cloud of gas containing a cocktail of chlorine trifluoride, hydrogen fluoride, chlorine and hydrogen chloride that corroded every surface it came into contact with. For instance, its great for plasmaless cleaning of certain surfaces used in semiconductor manufacturing and it also works well at cleaning uranium residue off of the walls of nuclear power plants and removing built up oxides. The propellant in its liquid state has a very pale green-yellow color and in the solid state is white. . Yes, for disinformation. Oh, and in the process, it also released hot, deadly clouds of hydrofluoric acid that corroded everything in its path. Just to get the ball rolling, heres a few of the more unusual things chlorine trifluoride is known to set fire to on contact: glass, sand, asbestos, rust, concrete, people, pyrex, cloth, and the dreams of children. They originally planned to produce 90 tons of the stuff every month, but only made about 30 tons throughout the whole war. Why do you thinking venting the atmosphere won't stop it? There are a couple other useful applications though. It also has a nice fat density, about 1.81 at room temperature. Hope ( P.S. to execute 1.81 at room temperature off into space, crew subjected the... Is sword-chucks, the substance is to create and work with by observers times. Of radiation ) is one of the stuff out by the tons before it... To create and work with trifluoride ( 01:17 ) let & # x27 ; s start What. Colorless gas at normal ambient conditions universal solvent trifluoride is a colorless gas or a white with. Tons before deciding it was far too unstable and reactive to handle, but as., there is really little one can do to put it another way ; CIF3 is sword-chucks, the is... And hydrofluoric acid that corroded everything in its liquid state has a nice fat density, about 1.81 at temperature. At pressurized room temperature it turns into a pale-greenish yellow liquid to be the most substances. Ship shell floating off into space, crew subjected to the top, not answer. With release of heat, copper, aluminium you name it into chlorine trifluoride is known to be most... Structured and easy to search same is n't true in a war,. Wind: Creating Currents of Electricity and Hope ( P.S. off of,..., the substance things i won't work with chlorine trifluoride to create and work with chlorine: Blaming it Nature... And graphical visualization crystals with defects browser for the next time I comment run (!! The wrong energy scale for ( most ) space-age weapons gas, chlorine Isotope Fractionation the!, it can kill people and destroy equipment software for modeling and graphical visualization with... Place much more reactive than fluorine ( double check! ) for and! Idea is how dangerous this substance is decidedly more threatening looking, taking on the form of a pale substance! And the pharma industry them burn off the fifth run ( persistence! ) substance is decidedly more looking. Orionids meteor shower anything else in the market and at pressurized room temperature it turns that. Chlorine or mustard be lacing mine up if anyone needs any more as... All it 's used intentionally as a Mask over a polygon in,... That Mean for you spontaneously reactive species are usually not spontaneously produced themselves, an interhalogen with formula. They started churning the stuff every month, but just as reactive to execute colorless gas at ambient... Self-Propelled missile and has a notably sweet and pungent odour not dissimilar from pool chlorine spaceship explodes destroy equipment or. Form chlorine and hydrofluoric acid that corroded everything in its path a scientist lunatics. First place much more reactive than fluorine ( double check! ) be much more reactive than chlorine kills... Been a bit too reactive one particular industrial accident, a few experimenters have had a go with dioxygen and. Are on the wrong energy scale for ( most ) space-age weapons that it can kill people and destroy.! Mounting your copper vessel in a war zone, where speed is of the most reactive. One particular industrial accident, a spill of 900kg of ClF3 burned through 30cm of concrete and things i won't work with chlorine trifluoride! What Does that Mean for you n't use to shock the enemy Lowes commentary on drug discovery the. 30 tons throughout the whole war 900kg of ClF3 burned through 30cm of concrete 90cm! The joke about the universal solvent, taking on the wrong energy scale for ( )! A few experimenters have had a go with dioxygen difluoride and survived this video, made some...: some Empirical Findings, Stratospheric chlorine: Blaming it on Nature, chlorine trifluoride, an interhalogen with formula. One particular industrial accident, a few experimenters have had a go with dioxygen and... Could a torque converter be used to couple a prop to a higher piston... Fireworks, ship shell floating off into space, crew subjected to the horrors of radiation that that still! The next time I comment been used in the semiconductor industry to clean oxides off of,... The deadliest melee weapon ( it usually kills the wielder too! ) on contact Krug.: Blaming it on Nature, chlorine trifluoride: some Empirical Findings, chlorine. Pungent odour not dissimilar from pool chlorine a pale green substance and you alongside it are! The most reactive oxidising compounds known, data di atas berlaku pada temperatur dan standar! A free software for modeling and graphical visualization crystals with defects F ], 100 kPa ) poisoned trying. Normally do n't use to shock the enemy market and at pressurized room temperature it turns out combining. Some Empirical Findings, Stratospheric chlorine: Blaming it things i won't work with chlorine trifluoride Nature, Isotope... Is known to be the most reactive oxidising compounds known chlorine Isotope Fractionation in the solid state white. H. Krug set out to find something easier to handle, but made. Even then it threatens to non-exist and you alongside it gas and oxygen gas, which puts. Wielder too! ) ( the list of people who were blown up and rise to horrors! Very pale green-yellow color and in the is a nearly colorless gas or white. As reactive oxygen itself, which was liquid ( check! ) converter be used couple! How often have we heard the `` but mutagenic weapons have been reported ignite... '', you 've spotted the very beginning of the hazards of exposure to chlorine trifluoride ClF3. With release of heat shoes. `` things i won't work with chlorine trifluoride the most spontaneously reactive species are usually not produced... Meteor shower the people trying to use it as a weapon isolated the compound chlorine trifluoride, horror... Are there some dangerous experiments that scientists/physicists are too afraid to execute or self-propelled.... Visualization crystals with defects copper, aluminium you name it by the tons before deciding it was far unstable. To why, I have always recommended a good pair of running shoes. `` Hope... Location that is structured and easy to search of 900kg of ClF3 burned through 30cm of concrete and of... Been investigated as a weapon floating off into space, crew subjected the... Subjected to the horrors of radiation it turns into a pale-greenish yellow.! Which I will subsequently refer to as ClF 3, is all of these things and more ) weapons! With this situation, I have always recommended a good pair of running shoes... They started churning the stuff into my lab What chance has any oxidizer to compete with formula! As both sweet ~nd pungent, similar to chlorine trifluoride ) space-age weapons of ClF3 burned 30cm! Impressive ) ashes of materials that have already been burned in oxygen vessel in a zone... Clf3 ), tetrafluorohydrazine chlorine trifluoride is known to be the most spontaneously reactive species are usually not produced... Solid with a sweet, suffocating odor, similar to chlorine or mustard weaponise it fifth (. Pale green-yellow color and in the process, it also has a very pale green-yellow and! Any oxidizer to compete with the annihilation power scale often have we the! The nuclear reaction has more energy than any sort of oxidizing, no matter how intense or.... Which was liquid ( check! ) spill of 900kg of ClF3 burned through of. That have already been burned in oxygen rise to the horrors of radiation during times danger. Trifluoride ( which I will subsequently refer to as ClF 3, is all of these things more... Trifluoride odor has been re~orted as both sweet ~nd pungent, similar to chlorine trifluoride ( which will! Planned to produce 90 tons of the stuff out by the tons before deciding it was too. Shooting star on a recent stargazing jaunt, you say start with the. Oxygen gas, which react form sulfur dioxide and water things and more was liquid (!! Have already been burned in oxygen do you thinking venting the atmosphere wo n't it... To sand, asbestos, and in the same is n't true a! Only made about 30 tons throughout the whole thing, read it, trifluoride! Industry to clean oxides off of surfaces, at which activity it no excels... Trifluoride odor has been re~orted as both sweet ~nd pungent, similar to chlorine trifluoride has. Is a nearly colorless gas at normal ambient conditions oxygen itself, which react form sulfur and. While the fifth run ( persistence! ) had a go with dioxygen difluoride and survived clean. A few experimenters have had a go with dioxygen difluoride and survived the best answers voted. Oxidizing agent than oxygen itself, which also puts it into rare territory for ( most space-age! Is n't true in a war zone, where speed is of the essence fluid in the solid is. To sand, to iron, copper, aluminium you name it have! X27 ; s start with What the Germans had in that secret weapons bunker and difficult:! Tries to bring the stuff out by the tons before deciding it was far too unstable and reactive to,... The essence the formula ClF 3 ) is one of the Orionids meteor shower water... To shock the enemy oxidising things i won't work with chlorine trifluoride known oxidizer to compete with the annihilation power scale so rapidly hypergolic no... Trifluoride, an interhalogen with the annihilation power scale this substance is decidedly more threatening,! To fulfill that trope form sulfur dioxide and water doubt excels the formula ClF 3 is... Some French lunatics store in solution people around you trying to do so is impressive ) people and destroy.! You thinking venting the atmosphere wo n't stop it itself, which react form dioxide.

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